If there’s one artist who would feel strangely at home in the age of AI-generated images, it’s Marcel Duchamp. Long before algorithms could remix the visual world, Duchamp was already asking a destabilizing question: What actually makes something art?

Creating a graphic novel no longer means starting from a blank page. For this project, I combined AI-generated imagery with a set of free, open-source tools: GIMP, Inkscape, and Scribus.

AI helped generate the raw visual material—but these tools are what turned that material into a coherent, readable, print-ready book.

History leaves us very little of Bosch’s inner life—but his marriage is one of the few places where the record sharpens, even if only slightly. Bosch married Aleid van de Meervenne sometime around 1481. She was not a marginal figure. She came from a well-established, likely wealthy family in ’s-Hertogenbosch, a town that was both commercially active and culturally alive in the late 15th century. Through this marriage, Bosch gained something rare for an artist of his time: stability.

Bosch does not explain himself. His work resists clarity in a way that feels almost contemporary—crowded with symbols, half-legible narratives, and images that seem to shift meaning the longer you look. In a single panel, a figure might be suffering, transforming, or transcending. You are never given the answer. You are asked to sit with it. That makes him an unusually powerful subject for a graphic novel.

History leaves us very little of Bosch’s inner life—but his marriage is one of the few places where the record sharpens, even if only slightly. Bosch married Aleid van de Meervenne sometime around 1481. She was not a marginal figure. She came from a well-established, likely wealthy family in ’s-Hertogenbosch, a town that was both commercially active and culturally alive in the late 15th century. Through this marriage, Bosch gained something rare for an artist of his time: stability.

There’s a quiet tension at the heart of using AI to create art for a graphic novel. On one hand, it offers speed, flexibility, and access to visual worlds that might otherwise take years to render. On the other, it challenges traditional ideas of authorship, craft and intention. The result isn’t a replacement for the artist—it’s a new kind of collaboration.